Exactly How to Install a Bath Tub

Request Your Service

 

 

Each person has got their personal rationale with regards to How to Install a Bathtub Yourself.


A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Bathtub
Installing a bathtub isn't exactly brain surgery, yet it does call for solid plumbing, carpentry, as well as often, tiling abilities. Changing an old bath tub with a new one is likewise a reasonably difficult job. If the old bathtub is readily available, the job can relocate easily; if you have to open a wall to get rid of the old bathtub and also position the new tub, the job is a lot harder. In either case, the project is within a house handyman's abilities, although you will certainly require a helper to move out the old tub and set in the new one. Ensure you have qualified yourself for the job as well as are comfortable attempting it. Instead of hiring a professional to take over a halfway-completed job, it is much better to think about utilizing one before you begin. Chances are you may require an expert plumber to make tube connections.
This short article will help you mount a brand-new bath tub in your bathroom if you have already purchased a new tub and don't need to change the arrangement of your previous water system pipes.
Your tools as well as material checklist ought to make up the following:

 

  • New Tub

  • Hammer

  • Pipe Wrenches

  • Prybar

  • Safety Glasses

  • Level

  • Pliers

  • Adjustable Wrench

  • Putty Knife

  • Screwdriver

  • Cold Chisel

  • Tape Measure

  • Pipeline Caps


  •  

Planning for the Installment


To start with, the sustaining structure provided with the bathroom ought to be fitted (if needed) according to the producer's instructions. Next, fit the taps or mixer to the bath tub. When fitting the tap block, it is essential to make certain that if the faucet includes a plastic washer, it is fitted between the bath as well as the taps. On a plastic bath, it is also sensible to fit a sustaining plate under the faucets device to stop pressure on the tub.
Fit the versatile tap ports to the bottom of the two taps using 2 nuts and olives (sometimes provided with the bathtub). Fit the plug-hole outlet by smearing mastic filler round the sink outlet opening, and afterwards pass the electrical outlet with the hole in the bathroom. Utilize the nut supplied by the manufacturer to fit the plug-hole. Examine the plug-hole electrical outlet for an inlet on the side for the overflow pipeline.
Next off, fit completion of the adaptable overflow pipeline to the overflow outlet. After that, screw the pipeline to the overflow face which need to be fitted inside the bathroom. Ensure you use all of the provided washing machines.
Link the trap to the bottom of the waste electrical outlet on the tub by winding the thread of the waste electrical outlet with silicone mastic or PTFE tape, as well as screw on the trap to the outlet. Attach all-time low of the overflow tube in a similar manner.The bath need to currently be ready to be fitted in its last setting.

 

 

Removing Old Taps


If you require to change old taps with new ones as a part of your installment, after that the first thing you ought to do is separate the water system. After doing so, switch on the taps to drain pipes any water continuing to be in the system. The procedure of eliminating the existing taps can be fairly bothersome because of the restricted access that is usually the instance.
Utilize a basin wrench (crowsfoot spanner) or a tap device to undo the nut that connects the supply pipelines to the faucets. Have a fabric ready for the continuing to be water that will certainly come from the pipelines. When the supply pipes have been gotten rid of, utilize the same device to loosen up the nut that holds the taps onto the bath/basin. You will certainly require to stop the solitary faucets from turning throughout this process. Once the faucets have been removed, the holes in the bath/basin will certainly have to be cleansed of any type of old sealing substance.
Before moving on to fit the brand-new taps, contrast the pipe connections on the old faucets to the new faucets. If the old taps are longer than the new faucets, then a shank adapter is required for the brand-new taps to fit.

 

 

Mounting the Tub


Making use of the two wooden boards under its feet, position the bath tub in the needed placement. The wood boards are helpful in equally spreading out the weight of the tub over the area of the boards rather than focusing all the weight onto 4 small factors.
The next goal is to make certain that the bathtub is leveled all round. This can be attained by checking the level and readjusting the feet on the bathtub till the spirit level checks out level.
To set up faucets, fit the bottom of the outermost adaptable tap port to the ideal supply pipe by making a compression join; after that do the same for the other faucet.
Activate the water supply as well as examine all joints and also brand-new pipework for leaks as well as tighten them if essential. Fill the bathtub as well as additionally check the overflow outlet as well as the regular electrical outlet for leaks.
Ultimately, fix the bath paneling as explained in the supplier's instruction manual. Tiling and sealing around the tub needs to wait until the bathtub has been utilized at the very least once as this will certainly resolve it right into its last position.

 

 

Fitting New Taps


If the tails of the new faucets are plastic, after that you will certainly require a plastic connector to prevent damage to the string. One end of the connector fits on the plastic tail of the tap and the other end offers a link to the current supply pipelines.
If you require to fit a monobloc, after that you will certainly call for reducing couplers, which connects the 10mm pipeline of the monobloc to the standard 15mm supply pipe.
Next, position the tap in the mounting hole in the bath/basin guaranteeing that the washers are in place between the tap and the sink. Secure the faucet in position with the supplier given backnut. As soon as the faucet is firmly in position, the supply pipelines can be attached to the tails of the faucets. The faucets can either be linked by utilizing corrugated copper piping or with typical faucet ports. The former type ought to be connected to the tap ends initially, tightening up just by hand. The supply pipelines can later on be linked to the other end. Tighten both ends with a spanner after both ends have been linked.

 

 

Tiling Around the Bath tub


In the location where the bathroom fulfills the floor tile, it is essential to secure the accompanies a silicone rubber caulking. This is necessary as the installation can relocate sufficient to split an inflexible seal, creating the water to pass through the wall surface in between the bath as well as the tiling, resulting in problems with moisture and possible leaks to the ceiling below.
You can pick from a selection of coloured sealers to blend in your fixtures and also installations. They are offered in tubes and cartridges, and can securing gaps up to a size of 3mm (1/8 inch). If you have a larger gap to load, you can fill it with spins of drenched paper or soft rope. Keep in mind to always fill the bath tub with water prior to sealing, to allow for the movement experienced when the bathtub is in usage. The sealer can break fairly early if you do not take into account this activity prior to sealing.
Alternatively, ceramic coving or quadrant tiles can be made use of to border the bath or shower tray. Plastic strips of coving, which are easy to use and reduce to dimension, are also quickly offered on the market. It is a good idea to fit the tiles making use of waterproof or waterproof adhesive and also grout.

 

A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Bathtub

 

Is your bathtub looking a bit dated lately? Believe it or not, installing a new one is a project you can do yourself. Whether your bathtub is broken or doesn’t fit in with your current bathroom’s design, you can fix it without having to hire a contractor or paying labour costs.


But, beyond saving money, there are other benefits of installing your own bathtub. When you do this project yourself, you can customise every step of the process. You can also make sure the finished product looks exactly the way you want it to.


This DIY project is quite involved, but by doing some research, preparing your bathroom and using the right equipment, it is definitely one you can take on. This guide will help you understand the technical procedures behind installing a new bathtub.

 

Remove the Existing Bathtub

 

To remove the old bathtub, you will need to turn the water supply off before you start any work. After you turn the water off, there will likely still be some water left in your plumbing system, which you can remove by turning on a faucet below the level of the bathtub. Once the water stops running, you are ready to start working.


The easiest way to remove the tub is to remove the faucet, handles and other piping and then pull the tub out from the wall. If this doesn’t work in your situation, you will need to remove part of the wall, remove the piping and then slide the tub out.

 

Choose the Right Bathtub

 

The ideal way to replace your bathtub is to find one that has the exact dimensions and has the drain and faucet on the same side as your old one. This way, it will fit in the same place and you won’t have to change the piping system in your bathroom. Choose a tub that matches your home’s decor and fits with the style of the bathroom.

 

Install the Plumbing and Ledger Board

 

You can purchase a tub drain kit at a hardware store which will have all the pieces you will need for your new tub’s plumbing. Follow the instructions that came with the kit to install the plumbing in the new tub and then take measurements to make sure the plumbing in the tub will align with the plumbing in your bathroom. If it doesn’t, now is the time to make necessary adjustments.


Some bathtubs need a ledger board that is installed on the wall behind the tub to help support it. If your new bathtub requires one, the directions that came with it will tell you how high it should be installed. If your old bathtub had a ledger board, and it is still in good condition, you can adjust its height to match the new bathtub.

 

Install the Bathtub

 

When the plumbing and ledger board are ready, you can install the new bathtub. Carefully lower it into the space, being careful not to damage the tub, wall, plumbing or ledger board. Since bathtubs are very heavy and you will need to line the tub up exactly, it is wise to have someone help you with this step.


Once the tub is in place, it needs to be perfectly level, so use a bubble level instead of estimating how level the tub is. Put the level on the top edge of the tub, not the bottom on the inside, since many tubs are designed with a sloped bottom.


If the bathtub isn’t level, adjust the ledger board and shift the tub until it is. When it is level, use screws to attach the tub to the wall studs. Most bathtubs have pre-drilled holes in the upper flange, so use these but do not over tighten the screws.

 

Hook up the Plumbing

 

Now that the bathtub is installed, it needs to be attached to your plumbing system. First, install the shoe fitting under the tub and drain pipe, then the overflow pipe and then the drain flange. Your tub plumbing kit will include specific instructions on how to install these pieces.

 

Install the Bathtub Surround

 

A bathtub surround will protect the walls around the tub from water damage and can give your new bathtub a more finished look. To install one, make sure the wall is completely clean and dry so that the adhesive will be able to hold the surround securely. Then, measure the surround and mark the same dimensions on the wall above the tub.


Following the directions that came with the surround adhesive, apply it to the wall. Press the surround against the wall on top of the adhesive and then pull it away for about three minutes to activate the adhesive, then apply the surround again. Keep in mind that this is the most common way to use an adhesive, but you should check the instructions on the package for any special steps.


If there is any excessive adhesive around the sides of the surround, you can use mineral spirits to remove it. Then use masking tape to hold the surround panels in place until the adhesive is dry. Using silicone, seal all the cracks between the surround panels and the gap between the bottom of the panels and the top of the bathtub.


If you want to install tile above your bathtub, instead of a bathtub surround, the process will be very similar. But, you will need to measure and cut tiles and install each one individually, using tile spacers to make sure they are evenly spaced. You will then use grout to fill in the spaces between the tiles.

https://www.hss.com/blog/bathroom/a-step-by-step-guide-to-installing-a-bathtub/


A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Bathtub

 

As a fervent person who reads on A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Bathtub, I imagined sharing that chunk was essential. Feel free to take the opportunity to promote this page if you enjoyed it. Thanks for going through it.



Book Service Now

Just how to Replace a Bath Tub ( Guide).

Information

 

 

Are you currently searching for related information around How to Install a Bathtub?


Tools You Need to Install a New Bathtub
Mounting a bathtub isn't precisely brain surgery, but it does need strong plumbing, woodworking, and often, tiling abilities. Changing an old bathtub with a brand-new one is additionally a reasonably difficult project. If the old bathtub is conveniently obtainable, the project can move easily; if you need to open a wall to eliminate the old bathtub and also place the new tub, the job is a lot harder. In either case, the project is within a house handyman's abilities, although you will certainly need a helper to leave the old bathtub and also embeded in the new one. Ensure you have actually certified on your own for the work and are comfortable attempting it. Instead of working with a contractor to take over a halfway-completed project, it is better to think about employing one before you begin. Possibilities are you might require a specialist plumber to make tube links.
This write-up will certainly aid you install a new bathtub in your restroom if you have already bought a new tub and also do not require to change the arrangement of your previous supply of water pipes.
Your devices and also product list must make up the following:

 

  • New Tub

  • Hammer

  • Pipe Wrenches

  • Prybar

  • Safety Glasses

  • Degree

  • Pliers

  • Flexible Wrench

  • Putty Blade

  • Screwdriver

  • Cold Blade

  • Tape Measure

  • Pipe Caps


  •  

Planning for the Setup


Firstly, the supporting structure provided with the bathroom ought to be fitted (if called for) according to the supplier's directions. Next, fit the faucets or mixer to the bath tub. When fitting the tap block, it is important to make certain that if the faucet includes a plastic washer, it is fitted between the bathroom and also the faucets. On a plastic bathroom, it is likewise sensible to fit a supporting plate under the faucets device to avoid stress on the bathtub.
Fit the flexible faucet adapters to the bottom of the two taps using 2 nuts and also olives (often supplied with the tub). Fit the plug-hole electrical outlet by smearing mastic filler round the sink outlet opening, and afterwards pass the outlet through the hole in the bathroom. Utilize the nut supplied by the manufacturer to fit the plug-hole. Examine the plug-hole electrical outlet for an inlet on the side for the overflow pipe.
Next, fit completion of the versatile overflow pipe to the overflow outlet. Afterwards, screw the pipe to the overflow face which should be fitted inside the bathroom. Ensure you use every one of the supplied washers.
Attach the trap to the bottom of the waste outlet on the bath tub by winding the thread of the waste outlet with silicone mastic or PTFE tape, and also screw on the trap to the electrical outlet. Link the bottom of the overflow tube in a comparable manner.The bathroom should currently prepare to be fitted in its last setting.

 

 

Removing Old Touches


If you require to replace old faucets with new ones as a part of your installment, after that the first thing you should do is separate the supply of water. After doing so, turn on the faucets to drain any kind of water staying in the system. The procedure of eliminating the existing taps can be rather bothersome because of the restricted accessibility that is commonly the case.
Make use of a container wrench (crowsfoot spanner) or a tap device to undo the nut that attaches the supply pipelines to the taps. Have a towel prepared for the continuing to be water that will certainly come from the pipelines. When the supply pipelines have actually been gotten rid of, utilize the very same device to loosen the nut that holds the faucets onto the bath/basin. You will require to stop the solitary taps from transforming during this process. When the taps have actually been removed, the holes in the bath/basin will certainly have to be cleansed of any type of old securing compound.
Prior to proceeding to fit the brand-new taps, contrast the pipe links on the old taps to the brand-new taps. If the old faucets are longer than the new faucets, then a shank adapter is required for the brand-new taps to fit.

 

 

Mounting the Tub


Making use of the two wood boards under its feet, place the bath tub in the required setting. The wooden boards are valuable in equally spreading the weight of the bath tub over the area of the boards rather than concentrating all the weight onto four tiny points.
The following goal is to guarantee that the bath tub is leveled all round. This can be achieved by examining the spirit level as well as readjusting the feet on the bathtub up until the level checks out degree.
To install taps, fit all-time low of the furthest versatile faucet connector to the suitable supply pipeline by making a compression sign up with; then do the exact same for the various other tap.
Turn on the water and inspect all joints and also brand-new pipework for leaks as well as tighten them if essential. Fill the tub as well as additionally check the overflow outlet and also the normal outlet for leakages.
Ultimately, fix the bath paneling as explained in the supplier's user's manual. Tiling and sealing around the tub must wait till the bathtub has been utilized at the very least when as this will settle it into its final setting.

 

 

Suitable New Taps


If the tails of the new taps are plastic, then you will certainly require a plastic adapter to stop damage to the thread. One end of the connector fits on the plastic tail of the tap as well as the various other end gives a link to the existent supply pipes.
If you need to fit a monobloc, then you will need reducing couplers, which attaches the 10mm pipeline of the monobloc to the typical 15mm supply pipe.
Next, position the tap in the mounting hole in the bath/basin guaranteeing that the washers are in place between the tap as well as the sink. Protect the tap in place with the producer offered backnut. Once the tap is securely in place, the supply pipes can be connected to the tails of the taps. The faucets can either be attached by utilizing corrugated copper piping or with regular faucet adapters. The previous kind must be linked to the faucet ends first, tightening only by hand. The supply pipes can later be attached to the various other end. Tighten up both ends with a spanner after both ends have actually been linked.

 

 

Tiling Around the Tub


In the area where the bath meets the tile, it is necessary to secure the accompanies a silicone rubber caulking. This is very important as the fitting can move enough to crack an inflexible seal, creating the water to permeate the wall between the bathroom and also the tiling, bring about issues with dampness and feasible leakages to the ceiling below.
You can choose from a selection of coloured sealers to assimilate your fixtures and installations. They are offered in tubes as well as cartridges, and can securing spaces up to a size of 3mm (1/8 inch). If you have a bigger gap to fill, you can load it with twists of soaked paper or soft rope. Keep in mind to always fill the bath tub with water before securing, to permit the motion experienced when the tub remains in use. The sealant can fracture relatively early if you do not think about this motion before securing.
Additionally, ceramic coving or quadrant tiles can be made use of to edge the bathroom or shower tray. Plastic strips of coving, which are easy to use as well as reduce to dimension, are also conveniently offered on the market. It is suggested to fit the ceramic tiles making use of waterproof or waterproof glue as well as grout.

 

A Step-by-Step Guide to Installing a Bathtub

 

Is your bathtub looking a bit dated lately? Believe it or not, installing a new one is a project you can do yourself. Whether your bathtub is broken or doesn’t fit in with your current bathroom’s design, you can fix it without having to hire a contractor or paying labour costs.


But, beyond saving money, there are other benefits of installing your own bathtub. When you do this project yourself, you can customise every step of the process. You can also make sure the finished product looks exactly the way you want it to.


This DIY project is quite involved, but by doing some research, preparing your bathroom and using the right equipment, it is definitely one you can take on. This guide will help you understand the technical procedures behind installing a new bathtub.

 

Remove the Existing Bathtub

 

To remove the old bathtub, you will need to turn the water supply off before you start any work. After you turn the water off, there will likely still be some water left in your plumbing system, which you can remove by turning on a faucet below the level of the bathtub. Once the water stops running, you are ready to start working.


The easiest way to remove the tub is to remove the faucet, handles and other piping and then pull the tub out from the wall. If this doesn’t work in your situation, you will need to remove part of the wall, remove the piping and then slide the tub out.

 

Choose the Right Bathtub

 

The ideal way to replace your bathtub is to find one that has the exact dimensions and has the drain and faucet on the same side as your old one. This way, it will fit in the same place and you won’t have to change the piping system in your bathroom. Choose a tub that matches your home’s decor and fits with the style of the bathroom.

 

Install the Plumbing and Ledger Board

 

You can purchase a tub drain kit at a hardware store which will have all the pieces you will need for your new tub’s plumbing. Follow the instructions that came with the kit to install the plumbing in the new tub and then take measurements to make sure the plumbing in the tub will align with the plumbing in your bathroom. If it doesn’t, now is the time to make necessary adjustments.


Some bathtubs need a ledger board that is installed on the wall behind the tub to help support it. If your new bathtub requires one, the directions that came with it will tell you how high it should be installed. If your old bathtub had a ledger board, and it is still in good condition, you can adjust its height to match the new bathtub.

 

Install the Bathtub

 

When the plumbing and ledger board are ready, you can install the new bathtub. Carefully lower it into the space, being careful not to damage the tub, wall, plumbing or ledger board. Since bathtubs are very heavy and you will need to line the tub up exactly, it is wise to have someone help you with this step.


Once the tub is in place, it needs to be perfectly level, so use a bubble level instead of estimating how level the tub is. Put the level on the top edge of the tub, not the bottom on the inside, since many tubs are designed with a sloped bottom.


If the bathtub isn’t level, adjust the ledger board and shift the tub until it is. When it is level, use screws to attach the tub to the wall studs. Most bathtubs have pre-drilled holes in the upper flange, so use these but do not over tighten the screws.

 

Hook up the Plumbing

 

Now that the bathtub is installed, it needs to be attached to your plumbing system. First, install the shoe fitting under the tub and drain pipe, then the overflow pipe and then the drain flange. Your tub plumbing kit will include specific instructions on how to install these pieces.

 

Install the Bathtub Surround

 

A bathtub surround will protect the walls around the tub from water damage and can give your new bathtub a more finished look. To install one, make sure the wall is completely clean and dry so that the adhesive will be able to hold the surround securely. Then, measure the surround and mark the same dimensions on the wall above the tub.


Following the directions that came with the surround adhesive, apply it to the wall. Press the surround against the wall on top of the adhesive and then pull it away for about three minutes to activate the adhesive, then apply the surround again. Keep in mind that this is the most common way to use an adhesive, but you should check the instructions on the package for any special steps.


If there is any excessive adhesive around the sides of the surround, you can use mineral spirits to remove it. Then use masking tape to hold the surround panels in place until the adhesive is dry. Using silicone, seal all the cracks between the surround panels and the gap between the bottom of the panels and the top of the bathtub.


If you want to install tile above your bathtub, instead of a bathtub surround, the process will be very similar. But, you will need to measure and cut tiles and install each one individually, using tile spacers to make sure they are evenly spaced. You will then use grout to fill in the spaces between the tiles.

https://www.hss.com/blog/bathroom/a-step-by-step-guide-to-installing-a-bathtub/


Installing A Bathtub

 

I'm just very intrigued by Installing A Bathtub and I really hope you enjoyed our page. For those who liked our page please remember to share it. We thank you for reading our article about Tools You Need to Install a New Bathtub .



Schedule Your Job Now

Crucial Things To Find Out At Plumbing Trade Schools

Schedule Today

 

 

 

Just about every person has their own individual theory with regards to How To Learn Plumbing To Advance Your Career.


How To Learn Plumbing To Advance Your Career
Plumbing innovation 101, the first training course, describes the standard of the plumbing trade. The objective of this first training course is to show students the essentials of the trade or to acquaint property owners with some diy methods.
Most of the issues resolved in this first of the plumbing training courses are those that will show up nearly everyday in a plumbings function life. These include the system that provides a residential or industrial structure with water, soldering, vents as well as drains pipes, installation of plumbing associated components and repair service of the same.
The specifics of the program consist of a take a look at standard plumbing safety and security suggestions as well as orientation with the lingo and standard regards to the plumbing profession. Soldering is a vital part of this plumbing program also.
After this lesson each trainee must have the ability to select the suitable soldering products, tidy the metals to obtain them all set for soldering, prepare the joint and solder a tubing link the correct and safe method.
Water solution is part of this basic course products and also training. Students learn the design of a house or business cellar, the ins and outs of picking the right materials and the proper location of the necessary devices.
Trainees discover to set up a drainpipe, in addition to an air flow as well as waste system. They likewise find out about installing fixtures in these on the internet plumbing programs.
Plumbing programs are readily available at profession colleges throughout the UK and also other parts of the globe. They are likewise offered online also. Plumbing remains in high need as well as regulates high incomes. Plumbing programs can be your course to monetary as well as profession success.
Plumbing is among the most reputable as well as a lot of specialized set of skills in the building as well as building services trades. Plumbers are important and wear many hats. Plumbing courses teach them just how to aid make water run efficiently, maintain toilets flushing appropriately, wastewater appropriately dealt with as well as pipes staying secure without leakages.
Plumbing professionals can mount or fix water heaters, repair frozen or burst or dripping pipelines. Naturally, plumbing programs will teach prospective plumbing professionals to set up pipes and also various other fixtures in new residences incomplete also.
There are many parts of a brand-new house the repair and also servicing of which can just be achieved by a correctly educated and accredited plumber.
On the internet plumbing courses can lead the way, at times as well as areas practical to the student, for a financially rewarding as well as rewarding job in the plumbing trade.
One online college that we browsed offered plumbing training courses whose exams were all open publication as well as open notes. The pupils discovered their plumbing courses at their very own speed and also had the ability to graduate in as couple of as six months. College graduation after completing all the requisite plumbing courses supplies the students with a diploma with nationwide accreditation.
No requirements or associated experience is called for to enlist in this trade institution. At that is needed to find out the plumbing trade, besides sufficient death of all plumbing training courses, is the ability to make use of simple profession tools, contentment from a task collaborating with your hands and the inspiration to get out there as well as market on your own.
Plumbing programs at this college include soldering copper pipelines, plumbing basics such as setup and also leak fixings, faucet fundamentals, shutoff repair work and water system systems.

 

HOW TO BECOME A PLUMBER

 

Get your high school diploma or GED.

 

A plumber needs a foundation in math (i.e., algebra and geometry), science (i.e., physics) and computers (i.e., computer-aided drafting). If offered, you may also want to take classes in drafting and blueprint reading.

 

Get formal training.

 

Complete an apprenticeship program or training at a local trade school.

 

Get licensed.

 

A majority of states require that you have a plumber’s license. Although licensing standards aren’t uniform, 2-5 years of experience and passage of an exam of the plumbing trades and local codes are typical requirements.

 

Get working.


Residential service careers are in demand all over the country.


https://explorethetrades.org/what-we-do/education/plumbing/how-to-become-a-plumber/


How To Become A Plumber

 

Do you really like more info about How to Become a Plumber: Skills, Specialties, and Education? Try leaving a remark directly below. We'd be interested to listen to your reactions about this page. In hopes that you visit us again soon. In case you enjoyed our blog post if you please make sure you remember to share it. Thanks so much for going through it.




Visit Url

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15